General causes of epistaxis [Nose Bleeding]

Thursday, September 29, 2011

In the last post we talk about local causes of epistaxis (Nose Bleeding) and make it in mnemonics  this post we will study general causes in mnemonics .

pie chart of epistaxis - nose bleeding- causes

General Causes of Nose Bleeding :

1.Venous hypertension [nasal venous congestion]
Mnemonics: CTM in arabic it is كتم (cover)

C.....excessive coughing eg. pertussis, cystic fibrosis, emphysema.
T..... Tumors of the neck and mediastinum.
M.....mitral stenosis and congenital heart failure.

2.Arterial hypertension :
Mnemonics : The first three letters of arterial is ART

A..atherosclerosis
R..renal diseases
T..thyrotoxicosis

3.Blood diseases:
Mnemonics: A PO LHP ....In Arabic it give us meaning of abo lhb evil person

A...anaemia, agranulocytosis  
PO..polycythemia.

LHB.....leukemia, hemophilia, purpura

4.Fever [toxic capillaries]
Mnemonics: ABCD

A....reumatic fever
B....typhoid fever
C....diphtheria
D....exanthemata

5.Deficiency diseases:
1.liver disease [ cirrhosis, failure ]
2.scurvey [ vitC deficiency ]

6.Toxins:

• Endogenous: 

Mnemonics: Only in arabic it is Ja di re  جدرى

Ja....Jaundice

Di....DKA

Re....Renal failure

• Exogenous

1.anticoagulants [ heparin and walfarin ]

2.NSAIDS [ anti platelet effect (aspirin) ]

3.VasoDilators [ anti hypertension and estrogen containing drugs ]

image source