You should have this tool in your first aid box it prevent bleeding of the nose in five minutes and also prevent hand cramps, it is a good tool called " Nose Aid Emergency" instead of your fingers.
How to stop a nose bleed [VIDEO]
These is some you tube videos about nose bleeding and how to stop these bleeding in five minutes, it is work in 90% of cases but remember to visit your specialist in cases of severe bleeding and not causal bleed.
treatment of nose bleed [Epistaxis]
Treatment
1.Control the shock:
a.supine position with leg elevation : (sedation-warmth-IV fluids-blood transfer)
b.monitoring the patient: (vital sign-blood gases-hematocrite)
2.1st aid measures:
a.patient is sitting and leaning forward and keep head elevation but not hyper extented.
b.dirct pressure in nostrils for 5-10 min [ it work for 90%]
c.local vasoconstrictors and humidity air.
3. cauterization
a.electrocautery: under general or local anesthesia.
b.chemical cautery: silver nitrate or chromic acid.
4.anterior nasal pack
a.merocel sponge, vaseline guase
b.removal after 1-2 day.
5.post nasal pack
a.inflatable ballons or rolled guaze
b.1-2 days.
6.surgical treatment:
a.endoscopic diathermy for sphenopaltine and anterior ethmiodal arteries.
b.embolization with selective angiography may be helpful.
c.ligation:
1.internal maxillary and external carotid arteries :if bleeding occur post from below the middle turbinate.
2.anterior and posterior ethmoidal artery: if bleeding occur superior above middle turbinate.
7.general treatment:
a.rest in bed and sedation.
b.vit k in prothrombin deficiency.
c.vit c aid capillary wall integrity
8.causal treatment : after treatment the cause
image source
assessment of nose bleeding [Epistaxis]
I'll write these post in the the form of hint in very simple manner , if you want to know more u can read text book.
1.History:
medical history (general illeness).
site: more -anterior.
side:
duration and recurrences.
2.Nasal examination:
Anterior: little area more than 90%.
posterior: below middle turbinate ......spheropalatine artery.
superior: above middle turbinate.........ethmoidal artery.
epistaxis varies in severity from mild to moderate to sevsre and may be fatal
3.General examination:
a.vital data:
blood pressure.....low...shock high......hypertension.
pulse....rapid...shock.
temperature...high...fever.
b.Systemic examination: to detect general causes of epistaxis [nose bleeding]
c.Hess test : positive in purpura
1.History:
medical history (general illeness).
site: more -anterior.
side:
duration and recurrences.
2.Nasal examination:
Anterior: little area more than 90%.
posterior: below middle turbinate ......spheropalatine artery.
superior: above middle turbinate.........ethmoidal artery.
epistaxis varies in severity from mild to moderate to sevsre and may be fatal
3.General examination:
a.vital data:
blood pressure.....low...shock high......hypertension.
pulse....rapid...shock.
temperature...high...fever.
b.Systemic examination: to detect general causes of epistaxis [nose bleeding]
c.Hess test : positive in purpura
General causes of epistaxis [Nose Bleeding]
In the last post we talk about local causes of epistaxis (Nose Bleeding) and make it in mnemonics this post we will study general causes in mnemonics .
1.Venous hypertension [nasal venous congestion]
Mnemonics: CTM in arabic it is كتم (cover)
C.....excessive coughing eg. pertussis, cystic fibrosis, emphysema.
T..... Tumors of the neck and mediastinum.
M.....mitral stenosis and congenital heart failure.
2.Arterial hypertension :
Mnemonics : The first three letters of arterial is ART
A..atherosclerosis
R..renal diseases
T..thyrotoxicosis
3.Blood diseases:
Mnemonics: A PO LHP ....In Arabic it give us meaning of abo lhb evil person
A...anaemia, agranulocytosis
PO..polycythemia.
LHB.....leukemia, hemophilia, purpura
4.Fever [toxic capillaries]
Mnemonics: ABCD
A....reumatic fever
B....typhoid fever
C....diphtheria
D....exanthemata
5.Deficiency diseases:
1.liver disease [ cirrhosis, failure ]
2.scurvey [ vitC deficiency ]
6.Toxins:
pie chart of epistaxis - nose bleeding- causes
General Causes of Nose Bleeding :1.Venous hypertension [nasal venous congestion]
Mnemonics: CTM in arabic it is كتم (cover)
C.....excessive coughing eg. pertussis, cystic fibrosis, emphysema.
T..... Tumors of the neck and mediastinum.
M.....mitral stenosis and congenital heart failure.
2.Arterial hypertension :
Mnemonics : The first three letters of arterial is ART
A..atherosclerosis
R..renal diseases
T..thyrotoxicosis
3.Blood diseases:
Mnemonics: A PO LHP ....In Arabic it give us meaning of abo lhb evil person
A...anaemia, agranulocytosis
PO..polycythemia.
LHB.....leukemia, hemophilia, purpura
4.Fever [toxic capillaries]
Mnemonics: ABCD
A....reumatic fever
B....typhoid fever
C....diphtheria
D....exanthemata
5.Deficiency diseases:
1.liver disease [ cirrhosis, failure ]
2.scurvey [ vitC deficiency ]
6.Toxins:
- Endogenous:
Mnemonics: Only in arabic it is Ja di re جدرى
Ja....Jaundice
Di....DKA
Re....Renal failure
- Exogenous
1.anticoagulants [ heparin and walfarin ]
2.NSAIDS [ anti platelet effect (aspirin) ]
3.VasoDilators [ anti hypertension and estrogen containing drugs ]
Epistaxis
Epistaxis
Definition : Nose bleeding either ant (nasal) or posterior (postnasal).
Causes :
It is two types local causes and general causes:
We will make it easy with my mnemonics.....i make it in my ENT Round >>some times my nose bleeds so remember these mnemonics very well.
Mnemonics: [CTIINS] It is just letters in English but in Arabic it is 60.
Local causes
- Congenital: as hemorrhagic telangiectasia (Osler-Weber Render Syndrome).
- Trauma: Nose Picking , foreign body, Dirct trauma , surgical trauma.
- Inflammatory: Rhinitis(acute or chronic) , Sinusitis (acute or chronic) .
- Idiopathic:70%-most common cause-ant-arise from little area.
- Neoplastic:Malignancy [nasal-nasopharynx-sinus] Benign [angiomas-angiofibromas-haemangiomas]
- Septal deviation: Spur and Perforation.
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